As the gut microbiota exerts various effects on the intestinal milieu which influences distant
organs and pathways, it is considered to be a full-fledged endocrine organ. The microbiota …

Thyroid hormones are essential for growth, neuronal development, reproduction and
regulation of energy metabolism. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are common …

Graves' disease (GD) is a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by the infiltration of
thyroid antigen-specific T cells into thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH-R) …

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a
systematic analysis for the Glo Page 1 Global Health Metrics 1204 www.thelancet.com Vol 396 …

Thyroid disorders are prevalent in pregnant women. Furthermore, thyroid hormone has a
critical role in fetal development and thyroid dysfunction can adversely affect obstetric …

Background: Thyroid disease in pregnancy is a common clinical problem. Since the
guidelines for the management of these disorders by the American Thyroid Association …

Adequate thyroid hormone availability is important for an uncomplicated pregnancy and
optimal fetal growth and development. Overt thyroid disease is associated with a wide range …

Infertility affects up to 12% of all men, and sexual dysfunction occurs frequently in men of
reproductive age, causing infertility in some instances. In infertile men, hypoactive sexual …

This guideline has been produced as the official statement of the European Thyroid
Association guideline committee. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in pregnancy is defined …

Pregnancy has a profound impact on the thyroid gland and thyroid function. The gland
increases 10% in size during pregnancy in iodine-replete countries and by 20%–40% in …