Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC), in which chronic inflammation is a well-
recognized carcinogen, requires concurrent anti-inflammation and antitumor treatments in …

In recent years, the development of hyaluronic acid or hyaluronan (HA) based scaffolds,
medical devices, bioconjugate systems have expanded into a broad range of research and …

Despite the great progress of current bacterially based biotherapeutics, their unsatisfying
efficacy and underlying safety problems have limited their clinical application. Herein …

Immunotherapy is known to be clinically beneficial for cancer patients and in many cases
represents the new standard of care. Because of this success, the interest in integrating …

Possessing the largest surface area of mucosa in the body, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can
easily sufferfrom inflammatory damage under various adverse external exposures, resulting …

Overexpression of classically activated macrophages (M1) subtypes and assessed reactive
oxygen species (ROS) levels are often observed in patients with ulcerative colitis. At present …

Hyaluronan (HA) is a naturally occurring non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG), cell-
surface-associated biopolymer and is the key component of tissue extracellular matrix …

Drugs such as immunosuppressants and glucocorticoids used for the treatment of
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have certain troubling side effects. Polysaccharide-based …

Vital biomacromolecules, such as RNA, DNA, polysaccharides and proteins, are
synthesized inside cells via the polymerization of small biomolecules to support and multiply …

Therapeutic approaches that reprogram the gut microbiome are promising strategies to
alleviate and cure inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, abnormal expansion of …