This paper reviews the research evidence concerning the intergenerational transmission of
trauma effects and the possible role of epigenetic mechanisms in this transmission. Two …

Glucocorticoid action on target tissues is determined by the density of “nuclear” receptors
and intracellular metabolism by the two isozymes of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase …

The “fetal” or “early” origins of adult disease hypothesis was originally put forward by David
Barker and colleagues and stated that environmental factors, particularly nutrition, act in …

Stress and Health: Biological and Psychological Interactions, by William R. Lovallo, is a brief
and accessible examination of psychological stress and its psychophysiological …

In the 20th century, childhood and adolescence came to be increasingly regarded as special
periods of development in which children were provided extra support to learn and develop …

The current status of glucocorticoid alterations in post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) will
be described in this chapter. Emphasis will be placed on data that suggest that at least some …

Anxiety is a mental state that is elicited in anticipation of threat or potential threat. Sensations
of anxiety are a normal part of human experience, but excessive or inappropriate anxiety …

Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, can occur in response to environmental
influences to alter the functional expression of genes in an enduring and potentially …

Parental posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) appears to be a relevant risk factor for the
development of PTSD, as evidenced by a greater prevalence of PTSD, but not trauma …

The findings from investigations of the neuroendocrinology of posttraumatic stress disorder
(PTSD) have highlighted alterations that have not historically been associated with …