Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) stem cell culture systems have attracted considerable
attention as a way to better mimic the complex interactions between individual cells and the …

Cell manipulation in droplets has emerged as one of the great successes of microfluidic
technologies, with the development of single-cell screening. However, the droplet format has …

Organs-on-a-chip (OOCs) are miniature tissues and organs grown in vitro that enable
modeling of human physiology and disease. The technology has emerged from converging …

Multicellular spheroids and organoids are promising in vitro 3D models in personalized
medicine and drug screening. They replicate the structural and functional characteristics of …

Genomics-based precision medicine has revolutionized oncology but also has inherent
limitations. Functional precision oncology is emerging as a complementary approach that …

Prominent within this technology set are droplet-based microfluidic systems, 3 in which
passive microfluidic structures are used to rapidly generate and manipulate subnanoliter …

Clinical translation of cell‐based products is hampered by their limited predictive in vivo
performance. To overcome this hurdle, engineering strategies advocate to fabricate tissue …

Most cancer patients do not die from the primary tumor but from its metastasis. Current in
vitro and in vivo cancer models are incapable of satisfactorily predicting the outcome of …

Droplet microfluidic techniques have long been known as a high-throughput approach for
cell manipulation. The capacity to compartmentalize cells into picolitre droplets in …

Abstract 3D in vitro model systems such as spheroids and organoids provide an opportunity
to extend the physiological understanding using recapitulated tissues that mimic …