The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged
foods, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried …

During aging the immune system (IS) undergoes remarkable changes that collectively are
known as immunosenescence. It is a multifactorial and dynamic phenomenon that affects …

Multiple factors combined are currently recognized as contributors to cognitive decline. The
main independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia is advanced age …

The immune system protects the host from pathogenic organisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi,
parasites). To deal with this array of threats, the immune system has evolved to include a …

A well-functioning immune system is critical for survival. The immune system must be
constantly alert, monitoring for signs of invasion or danger. Cells of the immune system must …

Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega‐3 PUFAs), which are essential fatty acids that
humans should obtain from diet, have potential benefits for human health. In addition to …

Fruit and vegetables (F&V) have been a cornerstone of healthy dietary recommendations;
the 2015–2020 US Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that F&V constitute one …

Low-grade inflammation alters the homeostasis of the organism and favors the onset of
many chronic diseases. The global growth in the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases …

The immune system provides defence to the host against pathogenic organisms. A weak
immune system increases susceptibility to infections and allows infections to become more …

Inflammation is a normal process that is part of host defence and tissue healing. However,
excessive or unresolved inflammation can lead to uncontrolled tissue damage, pathology …