Heat stress adversely affects plants growth potential. Global warming is reported to increase
in the intensity, frequency, and duration of heatwaves, eventually affecting ecology …

Phytotoxicity of metals significantly contributes to the major loss in agricultural productivity.
Among all the metals, copper (Cu) is one of essential metals, where it exhibits toxicity only at …

Abstract γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a free amino acid, which helps to counteract biotic
and abiotic stresses in plants. In the present study, two concentrations of GABA, ie, 0.5 mM …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a short-life and free radical molecule involved in a wide range of cellular,
physiological and stressful processes in higher plants. In recent years it has been observed …

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are usually upregulated in plants under diverse
environmental stresses. These proteins have been suggested to function as molecular …

Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species have emerged as crucial signalling and
regulatory molecules across all organisms. In plants, fungi, and fungi-like oomycetes, NO is …

Forty years ago, 12-oxophytodienoic acid (12-OPDA) was reported as a prostaglandin (PG)-
like metabolite of linolenic acid found in extracts of flaxseed. Since then, numerous studies …

Recent studies in animal systems have shown that NO can interact with fatty acids to
generate nitro-fatty acids (NO 2-FAs). They are the product of the reaction between reactive …

Environmental conditions greatly impact plant growth and development. In the current
context of both global climate change and land degradation, abiotic stresses usually lead to …

Nitric oxide (NO) and other reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are key signalling molecules in
plants, but they do not work in isolation. NO is produced in cells, often increased in response …