In the 21st century, nanomaterials play an increasingly important role in our lives with
applications in many sectors, including agriculture, biomedicine, and biosensors. Over the …

Synthetic dyes are generally not safe for human health or the environment, leading to the
continuous search and growing demand for natural pigments that are considered safer …

In the context of the ongoing transition from a linear to a circular economy, ecologically
friendly renewable solutions are put in place. Filamentous fungi can be grown on various …

Background Melanins are one of the magnificent natural pigments synthesized by a wide
range of microorganisms including different species of fungi and bacteria. Marine black …

Melanin is among the most important natural pigments produced by various organisms, from
microbes to plants and mammals. Melanins possess great properties such as …

Definition Black fungi are an ecological group of melanized fungi specialized in
extremotolerance and assumed to be among the most stress-resistant eukaryotes on Earth …

Flavonoids are chemical compounds that occur widely across the plant kingdom. They are
considered valuable food additives with pro-health properties, and their sources have also …

Melanin is an amorphous polymer made of heterogeneous functional groups synthesized by
diverse organisms including fungi, bacteria, animals, and plants. It was widely …

Members of the family Herpotrichiellaceae are distributed worldwide and can be found in
various habitats including on insects, plants, rocks, and in the soil. They are also known to …

Objectives Endophytic fungi are widely known to reside in plant tissues causing no harm to
host plants or even no noticeable change. They may colonize host plants for a part of their …