Estrogen is a potent steroid with pleiotropic effects, which have yet to be fully elucidated.
Estrogen has both nuclear and non-nuclear effects. The rapid response to estrogen, which …

The metabolic syndrome has reached pandemic level worldwide, and evidence is that
estradiol plays a key role in its development. The discovery of the second estrogen receptor …

Pregnancy outcomes in patients with pulmonary hypertension remain poor despite
advanced therapies. Although consensus guidelines recommend against pregnancy in …

Reperfusion may induce additional cell death in patients with acute myocardial infarction
receiving primary angioplasty or thrombolysis. Altered intracellular Ca2+ handling was …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) encompasses a syndrome of diseases that are characterized
by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular remodeling and that …

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in developed
countries. The incidence of CVD is sexually dimorphic, and research has focused on the …

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a devastating and progressive disease with
marked morbidity and mortality. Even though being female represents one of the most …

Rationale: 17β-Estradiol (E2) attenuates hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and hypoxic
pulmonary hypertension (HPH) through an unknown mechanism that may involve estrogen …

Numerous epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies showed that cardiac function and
manifestation of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are different between males and females …

Estrogens are disease modifiers in PAH. Even though female patients exhibit better right
ventricular (RV) function than men, estrogen effects on RV function (a major determinant of …