Background Recently, the hallmarks of aging were updated to include dysbiosis, disabled
macroautophagy, and chronic inflammation. In particular, the low-grade chronic …

Kidney involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus—lupus nephritis (LN)—is
one of the most important and common clinical manifestations of this disease and occurs in …

Immunotherapy has offered new opportunities to treat head and neck squamous cell
carcinoma (HNSCC); however, its clinical applications are hindered by modest therapeutic …

Due to radiation resistance and the immunosuppressive microenvironment of metastatic
osteosarcoma, novel radiosensitizers that can sensitize radiotherapy (RT) and antitumor …

Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have been proposed as a major mechanism for the
inter-kingdom interaction and communication, but the effector components enclosed in the …

Recent studies provide clues that astrocyte senescence is correlated with Parkinson's
disease (PD) progression, while little is known about the molecular basis for astrocyte …

The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a critical protein in the activation of the immune
system in response to DNA. It can participate the inflammatory response process by …

Upon activation by double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), the cytosolic dsDNA sensor cyclic GMP-
AMP synthase (cGAS) synthesizes the diffusible cyclic dinucleotide 2′ 3′-cGAMP (cyclic …

Conspectus The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator interferon gene (cGAS-STING)
pathway is an emerging therapeutic target for the prophylaxis and therapy of a variety of …

Stimulator-of-interferon gene (STING) is a vital element of the innate immune system against
DNA viruses. Optimal activation of STING is crucial for maintaining immune homeostasis …