Curcuma longa is an important medicinal plant and a spice in Asia. Curcumin
(diferuloylmethane) is a hydrophobic bioactive ingredient found in a rhizome of the C. longa …

BACKGROUND: Chronic spinal pain is the most prevalent chronic disease with employment
of multiple modes of interventional techniques including epidural interventions. Multiple …

Metal toxicity poses a potential global threat to the environment and living beings. Their
numerous agricultural, medical, industrial, domestic, and technological applications result in …

BACKGROUND: Epidural injection (EI) is used to treat back or radicular pain from
lumbosacral disc herniation (LDH). Although several reports have stated that the …

Background: Previous systemic reviews have examined the efficacy of individual therapeutic
agents, but which type of treatment is superior to another has not been pooled or analyzed …

Background Lumbosacral radicular pain (commonly called sciatica) is a syndrome involving
patients who report radiating leg pain. Epidural corticosteroid injections deliver a …

Transforaminal steroid injection is extensively used as a treatment in cases of herniated
disc, but it is associated with complications. In comparison, platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) …

Low back pain (LBP) is a common and important clinical problem. In addition to pain,
patients are also affected by personal, social, and economic burdens. Intervertebral disc …

Current non-surgical treatments for lumbar radiculopathy [eg. epidural steroids and Tumour
necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antagonists] are neither effective nor safe. As a non-toxic natural …

Lumbar spinal steroid injections (LSSI) are universally used as preferred diagnostic or
therapeutic treatment options before major spinal surgeries. Some recent studies have …