Drugs targeting the μ-opioid receptor (μOR) are the most effective analgesics available but
are also associated with fatal respiratory depression through a pathway that remains …

ABSTRACT Introduction Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) has generated substantial clinical and
scientific interest as a complex natural product. Its predominant alkaloid mitragynine and …

Drugs acting at the opioid receptor family are clinically used to treat chronic and acute pain,
though they represent the second line of treatment behind GABA analogs, antidepressants …

Mu-opioid receptor (µOR) agonists such as fentanyl have long been used for pain
management, but are considered a major public health concern owing to their adverse side …

Mitragynine, is a naturally occurring indole alkaloid that can be isolated from the leaves of a
psychoactive medicinal plant. Mitragyna speciosa, also known as kratom, is found to …

The primary kratom alkaloid mitragynine is proposed to act through multiple mechanisms,
including actions at µ-opioid receptors (MORs) and adrenergic-α 2 receptors (A α 2Rs), as …

Over the past two decades, synthetic strategies for synthesizing the skeletons of various
indole alkaloids based on tryptamine-ynamide have been continuously developed and …

Kratom is a botanical natural product belonging to the coffee family, with stimulant effects at
low doses and opioid-like effects at higher doses. During the last two decades, kratom has …

Clinical treatment of acute to severe pain relies on the use of opioids. While their potency is
significant, there are considerable side effects that can negatively affect patients. Their rise …

Mitragynine is one of the main psychoactive alkaloids in Mitragyna speciosa Korth.(kratom).
It has opium-like effects by acting on μ-, δ-, and κ-opioid receptors in the brain. The …