Background Overdiagnosis, defined as the detection of a cancer that would not become
clinically apparent in a woman's lifetime without screening, has become a growing concern …

Markov models are a convenient and useful method of estimating transition rates between
levels of a categorical response variable, such as a disease stage, which changes over time …

In medicine, comorbidities refer to the presence of multiple, co-occurring diseases. Due to
their co-occurring nature, the course of one comorbidity is often highly dependent on the …

Background: Albuminuria is a marker for renal and cardiovascular (CV) risk, allowing early
diagnosis of subjects with elevated renal and CV risk. Objective: This study aimed to …

A particular challenge for disease progression modeling is the heterogeneity of a disease
and its manifestations in the patients. Existing approaches often assume the presence of a …

Background: The aim of screening is to detect a cancer in the preclinical state. However, a
false-positive or a false-negative test result is a real possibility. Methods: We describe …

Use of a given substance may follow a stage process leading from onset to regular use, and
use of one substance can be strongly associated with use of another. The aim of this study …

Background: The increasing use of activity trackers in mobile health studies to passively
collect physical data has shown promise in lessening participation burden to provide …

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adults are at a higher risk of pneumococcal
colonisation and disease, even while receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). To help …

Early detection and risk assessment of complex chronic disease based on longitudinal
clinical data is helpful for doctors to make early diagnosis and monitor the disease …