Cadmium (Cd), a biologically non-essential heavy metal, is widespread in the environment,
including the air, water, and soil, and is widely present in foods and quantum dot …

Although nano-immunotherapy has advanced dramatically in recent times, there remain two
significant hurdles related to immune systems in cancer treatment, such as (namely) …

Immunotherapy has led to a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer. Current cancer
immunotherapies are mostly antibody-based, thus possessing advantages in regard to …

The liposome is the first nanomedicine transformed into the market and applied to human
patients. Since then, such phospholipid bilayer vesicles have undergone technological …

Nanomedicine is a branch of medicine using nanotechnology to prevent and treat diseases.
Nanotechnology represents one of the most effective approaches in elevating a drug's …

Lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based drug delivery systems have become the most clinically
advanced non-viral delivery technology. LNPs can encapsulate and deliver a wide variety of …

Cancer immunotherapy has tremendous promise, but it has yet to be clinically applied in a
wider variety of tumor situations. Many therapeutic combinations are envisaged to improve …

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a common ingredient in nanomedicines and pharmaceuticals.
Recent studies show that approximately 20–70% of humans have anti-PEG antibodies that …

Messenger RNA (mRNA) is the template for protein biosynthesis and is emerging as an
essential active molecule to combat various diseases, including viral infection and cancer …

Nanomaterials are at the forefront of health research and development. Among different
nanomaterials, nanoparticles are especially promising for cancer theranostics. However …