Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and it is
characterised by progressive deterioration in cognitive and memory abilities, which can …

Particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm or PM2. 5 is recognized worldwide as
a cause of public health problems, mainly associated with respiratory and cardiovascular …

Microplastics are ubiquitous pollutants with a wide range of plastic applications. More
recently, microplastics are in the air and can be inhaled into the lungs, causing respiratory …

Abstract Fine particulate matter (PM2. 5), a major component among air pollutants,
highlights as a global health concern. Several epidemiological studies show the correlation …

Neurodegeneration leads to the loss of structural and functioning components of neurons
over time. Various studies have related neurodegeneration to a number of degenerative …

The inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that acts to enhance inflammatory responses
by promoting the production and secretion of key cytokines. The best-known inflammasome …

Abstract Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2. 5)‐induced pulmonary inflammation has become a
public concern in recent years. In which, the activation of the NLRP3/caspase‐1 pathway …

Tremendous progress has been made in the field of toxicology leading to the advance of
developmental toxicity assessment. Conventional animal models and in vitro two …

Gout is a chronic disease with inflammatory arthritis caused by monosodium urate (MSU)
crystals deposition, an elevated serum urate level (hyperuricaemia) is the critical factor …

PM 2.5 varies in source and composition over time and space as a complicated mixture.
Consequently, the health effects caused by PM 2.5 varies significantly over time and …