Background Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a popular neurostimulation
technique suitable for the investigation of inhibitory and facilitatory networks in the human …

Alpha-5 gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (α5-GABAARs) are located
extrasynaptically, regulate neuronal excitability through tonic inhibition, and are …

Objective Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive tool used for studying
cortical excitability and plasticity in the human brain. This review aims to quantitatively …

Although the last 50 years of clinical and preclinical research have demonstrated that
addiction is a brain disease, we still have no neural circuit–based treatments for substance …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can provide an index of intracortical
excitability/inhibition balance. However, the neurochemical substrate of these measures …

Peripheral nerve inputs have an inhibitory effect on motor cortex excitability at short intervals
(short‐latency afferent inhibition, SAI). This can be tested by coupling electrical stimulation of …

Sleep strongly affects synaptic strength, making it critical for cognition, especially learning
and memory formation. Whether and how sleep deprivation modulates human brain …

OBJECTIVE: Animal studies on neurotransmitter systems that mediate interhemispheric
inhibition (IHI) suggest that,(i) callosal transmission is regulated by presynaptic GABAB …

Neurophysiological evidence that transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS)
affects neuronal signalling at the cortical level is sparse. We used transcranial magnetic …

Application of a single dose of a central nervous system (CNS) active drug with a defined
single mode of action has been proven useful to explore and characterize the …