Exosomes are a subgroup of nanosized extracellular vesicles enclosed by a lipid bilayer
membrane and secreted by most eukaryotic cells. They represent a route of intercellular …

The extraordinary success of mRNA vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
has renewed interest in mRNA as a means of delivering therapeutic proteins. Early clinical …

Due to the fact that mRNA technology allows the production of diverse vaccines and
treatments in a shorter time frame and with reduced expense compared to conventional …

To date, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has determined 399,600,607 cases and 5,757,562 …

Decades have passed since the first nanoparticles-base medicine was approved for human
cancer treatment, and the research and development of nanoparticles for drug delivery are …

Transdermal delivery has proven to be one of the most favorable methods among novel
drug delivery systems. Since drugs administered by transdermal delivery systems avoid the …

Ocular diseases seriously affect patients' vision and life quality, with a global morbidity of
over 43 million blindness. However, efficient drug delivery to treat ocular diseases …

Advanced treatments based on immune system manipulation, gene transcription and
regulation, specific organ and cell targeting, and/or photon energy conversion have …

Glycoconjugates are major constituents of mammalian cells that are formed via covalent
conjugation of carbohydrates to other biomolecules like proteins and lipids and often …

The high selectivity and affinity of antibodies toward their antigens have made them a highly
valuable tool in disease therapy, diagnosis, and basic research. A plethora of chemical and …