Discussion The incidence of postoperative delirium in patients undergoing surgery for hip
fracture by spinal or general anesthesia is reported at 16%–41%, beginning usually one or …

Sleep deprivation (SD) is the most widely documented rapid-onset antidepressant therapy,
targeting the broadly defined depressive syndrome. Although SD responses are transient, its …

In 17 patients with rapid cycling bipolar disorder, time-series analyses detected synchronies
between mood cycles and three lunar cycles that modulate the amplitude of the moon's semi …

Fifty-one inpatients affected by a major depressive episode were divided into four groups
according to mood disorder diagnosis and previous clinical history (bipolar disorder type I; …

Dopamine is primarily produced in the substantia nigra (SN) and the ventral tegmentum
area (VTA) in the brain. It plays a well-established role in the motor control, reward, mood …

Alteration of the sleep–wake cycle and of the sleep structure are core symptoms of a major
depressive episode, and occur both in course of bipolar disorder and of major depressive …

Background Chronotherapy (sleep deprivation, sleep phase shifting and/or the use of bright
light) combines non-invasive and non-pharmacological interventions that may act rapidly …

Sleep deprivation (SD) is a powerful antidepressant treatment that shows antidepressant
responses within hours in 40–60% of depressed patients. In more than 80% of responders …

This paper reviews the functional brain imaging studies in depressed patients treated with
sleep deprivation. Sleep deprivation is an excellent experimental model of antidepressant …

Forty bipolar depressed inpatients underwent three consecutive cycles of total sleep
deprivation (TSD). At the beginning of the study, 20 patients were free of psychotropic drugs …