Red blood cells (RBCs), which constitute the most abundant cell type in the body, come in
two distinct flavors-primitive and definitive. Definitive RBCs in mammals circulate as smaller …

RAS proteins are small GTPases known for their involvement in oncogenesis: around 25%
of human tumors present mutations in a member of this family. RAS operates in a complex …

Due to the adverse effects of erythropoietin (EPO) on cancer patient survival, it is necessary
to develop new agents that can be used to efficiently manage and treat cancer‐related …

Improved understanding of the oxygen-dependent regulation of erythropoiesis has provided
new insights into the pathogenesis of anaemia associated with renal failure and has led to …

Chronic kidney disease, cancer, chronic inflammatory disorders, nutritional, and genetic
deficiency can cause anemia. Hypoxia causes induction of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) …

The erythroblastic island (EBI), composed of a central macrophage and surrounding
erythroid cells, was the first hematopoietic niche discovered. The identity of EBI …

Regulation of erythropoiesis is achieved by the integration of distinct signals. Among them,
macrophages are emerging as erythropoietin-complementary regulators of erythroid …

The complexity of multicellular organisms is dependent on systems enabling cells to
respond to specific stimuli. Cytokines and their receptors are one such system, whose …

The BMP4-dependent stress erythropoiesis pathway plays a key role in the recovery from
acute anemia and new data show that this pathway compensates for ineffective steady state …

Erythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine mainly induced in hypoxia conditions. Its major production
site is the kidney. EPO primarily acts on the erythroid progenitor cells in the bone marrow …