The menstrual cycle in women is characterised by high variability in cycle length (26–35
days), 5-day menses, a fertile phase from 5 days before to the day of ovulation, and low …

Progesterone is commonly considered as a female reproductive hormone and is well-known
for its role in pregnancy. It is less well appreciated that progesterone and its metabolite …

Female and male brains differ. Differences begin early during development due to a
combination of genetic and hormonal events and continue throughout the lifespan of an …

There is increasing evidence that reproductive hormones exert regulatory effects in the
central nervous system that can influence behavioral, cognitive, perceptual, affective, and …

Secondary sexual characteristics may indicate quality of the immune system and therefore a
preference for masculinity may confer genetic benefits to offspring; however, high …

The effects of estrogens are pleiotropic, affecting multiple bodily systems. Changes from the
body's natural fluctuating levels of estrogens, through surgical removal of the ovaries …

Millions of women worldwide use oral contraceptives ('the pill'; OCs), often starting at a
pubertal age when their brains are in a crucial developmental stage. Research into the …

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether menstrual cycle stage or activity has an effect on the
clonogenic activity of human endometrial epithelial and stromal cells. DESIGN: Clonal …

A huge amount of knowledge about sleep has accumulated during the last 5 decades
following the discovery of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Nevertheless, there are …

Sexual reproduction in the ocean necessitates only the combination of gametes, followed by
absorption of nutrients and oxygen from the surrounding watery medium. As life moved from …