Cancers represent complex ecosystems comprising tumor cells and a multitude of non-
cancerous cells, embedded in an altered extracellular matrix. The tumor microenvironment …

Tumour-associated macrophages are an essential component of the tumour
microenvironment and have a role in the orchestration of angiogenesis, extracellular matrix …

In the past decade, substantial advances have been made in understanding the biology of
tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs), and their clinical relevance is emerging. A …

The balance of programmed death-1 (PD-1)-expressing CD8+ T cells and regulatory T
(Treg) cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) determines the clinical efficacy of PD-1 …

Liver cancer, more specifically hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is the second leading
cause of cancer-related death and its incidence is increasing globally. Around 50% of …

PURPOSE Combination programmed cell death protein 1/cytotoxic T-cell lymphocyte-4–
blockade and dual BRAF/MEK inhibition have each shown significant clinical benefit in …

Liver metastasis, the leading cause of colorectal cancer mortality, exhibits a highly
heterogeneous and suppressive immune microenvironment. Here, we sequenced 97 …

Macrophages are versatile and heterogeneous innate immune cells undertaking central
functions in balancing immune responses and tissue repair to maintain homeostasis. This …

The liver is the sixth most common site of primary cancer in humans, and generally arises in
a background of cirrhosis and inflammation. Moreover, the liver is frequently colonized by …

Chemotherapy combined with or without targeted therapy is the fundamental treatment for
metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Due to the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic drugs …