Since the initial clinical approval in the late 1990s and remarkable anticancer effects for
certain types of cancer, molecular targeted therapy utilizing small molecule agents or …

Fibroblasts and macrophages are present in all tissues, and mounting evidence supports
that these cells engage in direct communication to influence the overall tissue …

The tumor microenvironment is proposed to contribute substantially to the progression of
cancers, including breast cancer. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most …

The tumor microenvironment has been identified as one of the driving factors of tumor
progression and invasion. Inside this microenvironment, cancer‐associated fibroblasts …

Breast cancer risk is influenced by rare coding variants in susceptibility genes, such as
BRCA1, and many common, mostly non-coding variants. However, much of the genetic …

Tumor blood vessels are a key target for cancer therapeutic management. Tumor cells
secrete high levels of pro-angiogenic factors which contribute to the creation of an abnormal …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for about 90% of all primary liver cancers and is
the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The hypervascular nature of …

Tumor growth and metastasis rely on tumor vascular network for the adequate supply of
oxygen and nutrients. Tumor angiogenesis relies on a highly complex program of growth …

Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and PDGF receptors (PDGFRs) are expressed in a
variety of tumors. Activation of the PDGF/PDGFR signaling pathway is associated with …

Pericytes are vascular mural cells embedded in the basement membrane of blood
microvessels. They extend their processes along capillaries, pre-capillary arterioles and …