Arterial stiffness, a leading marker of risk in hypertension, can be measured at material or
structural levels, with the latter combining effects of the geometry and composition of the …

Oxidative stress (OS), defined as disturbances in the pro-/antioxidant balance, is harmful to
cells due to the excessive generation of highly reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) …

An increased risk of cardiovascular disease, independent of conventional risk factors, is
present even at minor levels of renal impairment and is highest in patients with end-stage …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a complex condition with a prevalence of 10–15%
worldwide. An inverse-graded relationship exists between cardiovascular events and …

The kidney exerts multiple functions, and pathophysiological interactions between the
kidney and the heart have important clinical implications, but it has only recently become …

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death for patients receiving hemodialysis.
Since exercise mitigates many risk factors which drive cardiovascular disease for these …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an under-recognized, highly prevalent cardiovascular (CV)
risk factor affecting 1 in 7 adults. Large epidemiological studies have clearly established a …

At the early stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the systemic mineral metabolism and
bone composition start to change. This alteration is known as chronic kidney disease …

The picture of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) as the “good” cholesterol has eroded. This is even
more surprising because there exists strong evidence that HDL-C is associated with …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with high cardiovascular risk. CKD patients
exhibit a specific lipoprotein pattern termed 'uraemic dyslipidaemia', which is characterized …