Bee populations are declining in the industrialized world, raising concerns for the
sustainable pollination of crops. Pesticides, pollutants, parasites, diseases, and malnutrition …

Background Flower coloration is a key enabler for pollinator attraction. Floral visual signals
comprise several components that are generated by specific anatomical structures and …

The evolution of floral traits in animal-pollinated plants involves the interaction between
flowers as signal senders and pollinators as signal receivers. Flower colors are very diverse …

The world in color presents a dazzling dimension of phenotypic variation. Biological interest
in this variation has burgeoned, due to both increased means for quantifying spectral …

Background The hypothesis that pollinators have been important drivers of angiosperm
diversity dates back to Darwin, and remains an important research topic today. Mounting …

Flowering plants in Australia have been geographically isolated for more than 34 million
years. In the Northern Hemisphere, previous work has revealed a close fit between the …

Colour is one of the most obvious advertisements of flowers, and occurs in a huge diversity
among the angiosperms. Flower colour is responsible for attraction from a distance, whereas …

Karl von Frisch's studies of bees' color vision and chemical senses opened a window into
the perceptual world of a species other than our own. A century of subsequent research on …

Colour signals are a major cue in putative pollination syndromes. There is evidence that the
reflectance spectra of many flowers target the distinctive visual discrimination abilities of …

Attention allows animals to respond selectively to competing stimuli, enabling some stimuli
to evoke a behavioral response while others are ignored. How the brain does this remains …