Abstract Systems neuroscience approaches with a focus on large-scale brain organization
and network analysis are advancing foundational knowledge of how cognitive control …

BACKGROUND The human brain contains about 100 billion neurons, each of which makes
thousands of synaptic connections. Although individual neurons can themselves be …

Neuropathic pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system is a
common chronic pain condition with major impact on quality of life. Examples include …

Numerous light-based diagnostic and therapeutic devices are routinely used in the clinic.
These devices have a familiar look as items plugged in the wall or placed at patients' …

The gastrointestinal tract is the only internal organ to have evolved with its own independent
nervous system, known as the enteric nervous system (ENS). This Review provides an …

Quantifying behavior is crucial for many applications in neuroscience. Videography provides
easy methods for the observation and recording of animal behavior in diverse settings, yet …

Optogenetic actuators enable highly precise spatiotemporal interrogation of biological
processes at levels ranging from the subcellular to cells, circuits and behaving organisms …

We develop soft and stretchable fatigue-resistant hydrogel optical fibers that enable
optogenetic modulation of peripheral nerves in naturally behaving animals during persistent …

Rather than serving as a mere onlooker, adipose tissue is a complex endocrine organ and
active participant in disease initiation and progression. Disruptions of biological processes …

Using multi-color visible lights for independent optogenetic manipulation of multiple
neuronal populations offers the ability for sophisticated brain functions and behavior …