Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic disorder rising rapidly worldwide.
It is characterized by pancreatic insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Hyperglycemia …

Chronic inflammation is a component of many disease conditions that affect a large group of
individuals worldwide. Chronic inflammation is characterized by persistent, low-grade …

The Western diet is a modern dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of pre-packaged
foods, refined grains, red meat, processed meat, high-sugar drinks, candy, sweets, fried …

Importance An estimated 13% of all US adults (18 years or older) have diabetes, and 34.5%
meet criteria for prediabetes. The prevalences of prediabetes and diabetes are higher in …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most prevalent liver disease
in the world, yet there are still no approved pharmacological therapies to prevent or treat this …

Exosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, thus exhibiting pleiotropic
activities to homeostasis regulation. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly …

Epigenetics regulates gene expression and has been confirmed to play a critical role in a
variety of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease …

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent extracellular matrix (ECM)
remodeling endopeptidases that have the capacity to degrade almost every component of …

Observational findings achieved during the past two decades suggest that the intestinal
microbiota may contribute to the metabolic health of the human host and, when aberrant, to …

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic disorders, is caused
by a combination of two primary factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and …