Research on coping during childhood and adolescence is distinguished by its focus on how
children deal with actual stressors in real-life contexts. Despite burgeoning literatures within …

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), originally described as a negative regulator of
glycogen synthesis, is a molecular hub linking numerous signaling pathways in a cell …

Exposure to environmental enrichment can beneficially influence the behavior and enhance
synaptic plasticity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mediated effects of …

Chronic stress is a major risk factor for depression. Interestingly, not all individuals develop
psychopathology after chronic stress exposure. In contrast to the prevailing view that stress …

Several studies have shown that manipulations to the housing environment modulate
susceptibility to stress in laboratory animals, mainly in rodents. Environmental enrichment …

During adolescence, a positive outlook toward the future (ie, future orientation) can protect
youth from the risks conferred by childhood adversity. Research to date, however, has …

Waddington coined the term “epigenetic” to attempt to explain the complex, dynamic
interactions between the developmental environment and the genome that led to the …

Rationale Despite substantial research efforts the aetiology of major depressive disorder
(MDD) remains poorly understood, which is due in part to the heterogeneity of the disorder …

Abstract Environmental enrichment (“EE”) is expected to alleviate the negative effects of
stress on cognitive performance. However, there are complexities associated with …

Stress exposure can produce profound changes in physiology and behavior that can impair
health and well-being. Of note, stress exposure is linked to anxiety disorders and depression …