Synaptic vesicle proteins 2 (SV2) were discovered in the early 80s, but the clear
demonstration that SV2A is the target of efficacious anti-epileptic drugs from the racetam …

Publisher Summary Botulism is an acute neuroparalytic disease of humans and animals
caused through the action of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) acting at the neuromuscular …

Botulinum neurotoxins (designated BoNT/A–BoNT/G) are bacterial enzymes that block
neurotransmitter release by cleaving essential components of the vesicle fusion machinery …

Abstract Background Proteolytic Clostridium botulinum is the causative agent of botulism, a
severe neuroparalytic illness. Given the severity of botulism, surprisingly little is known of the …

Tetanus neurotoxin (TeNT) and botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs; from A to G) are
metalloproteases that act on nerve terminals to prevent exocytosis. They are extensively …

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) target presynaptic nerve terminals by recognizing specific
neuronal surface receptors. Two homologous synaptic vesicle membrane proteins …

Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) causes transient muscle paralysis by entering
motor nerve terminals (MNTs) where it cleaves the SNARE protein Synaptosomal …

The interest in using therapeutic nanoparticles to bind with harmful molecules or pathogens
and subsequently neutralize their bioactivity has grown tremendously. Among various …

In mature neurons AMPA receptors cluster at excitatory synapses primarily on dendritic
spines, whereas GABAA receptors cluster at inhibitory synapses mainly on the soma and …

Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is produced by the anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium
Clostridium botulinum. As one of the most poisonous toxins known and a potential …