Excitotoxicity is classically defined as the neuronal damage caused by the excessive
release of glutamate, and subsequent activation of excitatory plasma membrane receptors …

Ischemic stroke represents a significant danger to human beings, especially the elderly.
Interventions are only available to remove the clot, and the mechanism of neuronal death …

The cerebral oxygen cascade includes three key stages:(a) convective oxygen delivery
representing the bulk flow of oxygen to the cerebral vascular bed;(b) diffusion of oxygen from …

After cessation of blood flow or similar ischaemic exposures, deleterious molecular
cascades commence in mammalian cells, eventually leading to their death,. Yet with …

Expansion microscopy physically enlarges biological specimens to achieve nanoscale
resolution using diffraction-limited microscopy systems. However, optimal performance is …

Background Within 2 min of severe ischemia, spreading depolarization (SD) propagates like
a wave through compromised gray matter of the higher brain. More SDs arise over hours in …

Oxidative stress injury and mitochondrial dysfunction are major obstacles to neurological
functional recovery after ischemic stroke. The development of new approaches to …

Prognostication of comatose patients after cardiac arrest aims to identify patients with a large
probability of favourable or unfavouble outcome, usually within the first week after the event …

This scientific statement presents a conceptual framework for the pathophysiology of post–
cardiac arrest brain injury, explores reasons for previous failure to translate preclinical data …

Ischemic conditions cause an increase in the sodium concentration of astrocytes, driving the
breakdown of ionic homeostasis and exacerbating cellular damage. Astrocytes express high …