Interfacial reactions drive all elemental cycling on Earth and play pivotal roles in human
activities such as agriculture, water purification, energy production and storage …

Biomineralization is a dynamic, complex, lifelong process by which living organisms control
precipitations of inorganic nanocrystals within organic matrices to form unique hybrid …

Objectives Efforts towards achieving durable resin–dentin bonds have been made for
decades, including the understanding of the mechanisms underlying hybrid layer (HL) …

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is an ultrarare paraneoplastic syndrome due to
overproduction of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), with profound effects on patient …

Bone, as a mineralized composite of inorganic (mostly carbonated hydroxyapatite) and
organic (mainly type I collagen) phases, possesses a unique combination of remarkable …

Pathological calcification of cartilage is a hallmark of osteoarthritis (OA). Calcification can be
observed both at the cartilage surface and in its deeper layers. The formation of calcium …

Novel tissue regeneration strategies are constantly being developed worldwide. Research
on bone regeneration is noteworthy, as many promising new approaches have been …

Polar and charged amino acids (AAs) are heavily expressed in non-collagenous proteins
(NCPs), and are involved in hydroxyapatite (HA) mineralization in bone. Here, we review …

The interface between collagen and the mineral reinforcement phase, carbonated
hydroxyapatite (cAp), is essential for bone's remarkable functionality as a biological …

The importance of matrix vesicles (MVs) has been repeatedly highlighted in the formation of
cartilage, bone, and dentin since their discovery in 1967. These nano-vesicular structures …