The non-structural 5A (NS5A) protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been the subject of
intensive research over the last decade. It is generally accepted that NS5A is a pleiotropic …

▪ Abstract In contrast to most animal viruses, infection with the human and simian
immunodeficiency viruses results in prolonged, continuous viral replication in the infected …

High-level immune activation and T cell apoptosis represent a hallmark of HIV-1 infection
that is absent from nonpathogenic SIV infections in natural primate hosts. The mechanisms …

A highly conserved signaling property of Nef proteins encoded by human or simian
immunodeficiency virus is the binding and activation of a PAK kinase whose function is …

SIV and HIV Nef proteins disrupt T‐cell receptor machinery by down‐modulating cell surface
expression of CD4 and expression or signaling of CD3‐TCR. Nef also down‐modulates …

The Vav family is a group of signal transduction molecules with oncogenic potential that play
important roles in development and cell signaling. Members of this family are distributed in …

Src-family kinases are modular signaling proteins involved in a diverse array of cellular
processes. All members of the Src family share the same domain organization, with modular …

Recently, it has been demonstrated that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)
Nef from laboratory strains down-modulates cell surface expression of mature major …

The Nef protein of the human immunodeficiency virus is as important for disease
progression as it is perplexing in its plethora of target molecules and functions. In this article …

Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) leads to progressive
immunodeficiency and onset of opportunistic infections and neoplasms. The loss of immune …