Over the past decades, great interest has been given to biomimetic nanoparticles (BNPs)
since the rise of targeted drug delivery systems and biomimetic nanotechnology. Biological …

Reprogramming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment by modulating
macrophages holds great promise in tumor immunotherapy. As a class of professional …

The main challenges for programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) checkpoint
blockade lie in a lack of sufficient T cell infiltration, tumor immunosuppressive …

The durable response rate to immune checkpoint blockade such as anti-programmed cell
death-1 (PD-1) antibody remains relatively low in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), mainly …

Although immunotherapy harnessing activity of the immune system against tumors has
made great progress, the treatment efficacy remains limited in most cancers. Current …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogamous lipid bilayer-enclosed membranous
structures secreted by cells. They are comprised of apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and …

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancer. As nutrients are scarce in the
tumor microenvironment (TME), tumor cells adopt multiple metabolic adaptations to meet …

A key aspect for successful drug delivery via lipid‐based nanoparticles is their
internalization in target cells. Two prominent examples of such drug delivery systems are …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising candidates for multiple biomedical
applications. Major types of EVs include exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies …

Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are extensively applied for bioimaging due to their unique
photoluminescence properties, while less attention has been paid to their inherent bio …