Background: Vitamin D and calcium deficiencies are common worldwide, causing nutritional
rickets and osteomalacia, which have a major impact on health, growth, and development of …

Background Vitamin D deficiency is associated with non-communicable and infectious
diseases, but the vitamin D status of African populations is not well characterised. We aimed …

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient for bone health and may influence the risks of respiratory
illness, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and chronic diseases of adulthood. Because many …

Dietary calcium deficiency is considered to be widespread globally, with published
estimates suggesting that approximately half of the world's population has inadequate …

Vitamin D plays a pivotal role in the regulation of calcium-phosphorus metabolism,
particularly during pediatric age when nutritional rickets and impaired bone mass acquisition …

The vitamin D signal transduction system involves a series of cytochrome P450-containing
sterol hydroxylases to generate and degrade the active hormone, 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D …

Humans learned to exploit ruminants as a source of milk about 10,000 years ago. Since
then, the use of domesticated ruminants as a source of milk and dairy products has …

The synthesis of bioactive vitamin D requires hydroxylation at the 1α and 25 positions by
cytochrome P450 enzymes in the kidney and liver, respectively. The mitochondrial enzyme …

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products,
Nutrition and Allergies (NDA) derived dietary reference values (DRV s) for vitamin D. The …

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain (CMP) are
diffuse suffering syndromes that interfere with normal activities. Controversy exists over the …