After nearly four decades of research, a safe and effective HIV-1 vaccine remains elusive.
There are many reasons why the development of a potent and durable HIV-1 vaccine is …

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), poses a grave threat to global public …

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a lineage C betacoronavirus
that since its emergence in 2012 has caused outbreaks in human populations with case …

In this Review, we highlight some recent developments in the discovery and application of
broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); ie …

HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein [Env; trimeric (gp160) 3 cleaved to (gp120/gp41) 3] attaches
the virion to a susceptible cell and induces fusion of viral and cell membranes to initiate …

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, with 10 million infections
and more than 500,000 fatalities by June 2020. To initiate infection, the SARS-CoV-2 spike …

Membrane fusion is an essential step when enveloped viruses enter cells. Lipid bilayer
fusion requires catalysis to overcome a high kinetic barrier; viral fusion proteins are the …

The tremendous pandemic potential of coronaviruses was demonstrated twice in the past
few decades by two global outbreaks of deadly pneumonia. Entry of coronaviruses into cells …

HIV-1 vaccine development has been stymied by an inability to induce broadly reactive
neutralizing antibodies to the envelope (Env) trimer, the sole viral antigen on the virion …

HIV employs multiple means to evade the humoral immune response, particularly the
elicitation of and recognition by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Such antibodies …