GS-441524, an RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor, is a 1′-CN-substituted
adenine C-nucleoside analog with broad-spectrum antiviral activity. However, the low oral …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide. Effective treatments against …

The COVID‐19 pandemic remains a major health concern worldwide, and SARS‐CoV‐2 is
continuously evolving. There is an urgent need to identify new antiviral drugs and develop …

Abstract Human carboxylesterase 2A (hCES2A) is a key serine hydrolase responsible for
the metabolic clearance of large number of compounds bearing the ester-or amide-bond (s) …

Abstract Remdesivir (RDV, Veklury®) is an FDA-approved prodrug for the treatment of
hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Recent in vitro studies have indicated that human …

We assessed factors that determine the tissue-specific bioactivation of ProTide prodrugs by
comparing the disposition and activation of remdesivir (RDV), its methylpropyl and isopropyl …

Introduction: Alisol B 23-acetate (AB23A), a major bioactive constituent in the Chinese herb
Zexie (Rhizoma Alismatis), has been found with multiple pharmacological activities. AB23A …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Aristolochic acids (AAs) are naturally occurring
nitro phenanthrene carboxylic acids primarily found in plants of the Aristolochiaceae family …

Hydrolases represent an essential class of enzymes indispensable for the metabolism of
various clinically essential medications. Individuals exhibit marked differences in the …

ABSTRACT Introduction Carboxylesterase 1 (CES1) and carboxylesterase 2 (CES2) are
among the most abundant hydrolases in humans, catalyzing the metabolism of numerous …