Microglia are ramified cells that exhibit highly motile processes, which continuously survey
the brain parenchyma and react to any insult to the CNS homeostasis. Although microglia …

Abstract Chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 (CX 3 CL1, also known as fractalkine) and its
receptor chemokine (C-X3-C motif) receptor 1 (CX 3 CR1) are widely expressed in immune …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurogenerative disorder manifested by gradual
memory loss and cognitive decline due to profound damage of cholinergic neurons. The …

Objective Chemokines, which are chemotactic inflammatory mediators involved in
controlling the migration and residence of all immune cells, are closely associated with brain …

Fractalkine (CX3C chemokine ligand 1, CX3CL1) is an essential chemokine, for regulating
adhesion and chemotaxis through binding to CX3CR1, which plays a critical role in the …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease
(PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are disorders …

Microglia play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis of the CNS. There is growing
interest in understanding how microglia influence normal brain function and disease …

Synapses are bridges for information transmission in the central nervous system (CNS), and
synaptic plasticity is fundamental for the normal function of synapses, contributing …

Adipose tissue has recently been recognized as an important endocrine organ that plays a
crucial role in energy metabolism and in the immune response in many metabolic tissues …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a scourge for patients, caregivers and healthcare professionals
due to the progressive character of the disease and the lack of effective treatments. AD is …