Attributable to its late diagnosis, early metastasis, and poor prognosis, pancreatic cancer
remains one of the most lethal diseases worldwide. Unlike other solid tumors, pancreatic …

Tumor cells do not exist in isolation in vivo, and carcinogenesis depends on the surrounding
tumor microenvironment (TME), composed of a myriad of cell types and biophysical and …

Cancer progression often benefits from the selective conditions present in the tumour
microenvironment, such as the presence of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) …

Hypoxia induicible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) is a key transcription factor in cancer progression
and target therapy in cancer. HIF-1α acts differently depending on presence or absence of …

Uncontrolled cell survival, growth, angiogenesis and metastasis are essential hallmarks of
cancer. Genetic and biochemical data have demonstrated that the growth and motility factor …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is an almost uniformly lethal disease. One
explanation for the devastating prognosis is the failure of many chemotherapies, including …

Hypoxia is a common condition found in a wide range of solid tumors and is often
associated with poor prognosis. Hypoxia increases tumor glycolysis, angiogenesis, and …

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most aggressive type of common cancers, and in 2014, nearly
40000 patients died from the disease in the United States. Pancreatic ductal …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are adult multipotent cells found in bone marrow, adipose
tissue, and other adult tissues. MSC have been shown to improve regeneration of injured …

Activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the main effector cells in the process of
fibrosis, a major pathological feature in pancreatic diseases that including chronic …