Adaptive evolution is shaped by the interaction of population genetics, natural selection and
underlying network and biochemical constraints. Variation created by mutation, the raw …

Evolutionary principles are now routinely incorporated into medicine and agriculture.
Examples include the design of treatments that slow the evolution of resistance by weeds …

Mapping the genetic basis of complex traits is critical to uncovering the biological
mechanisms that underlie disease and other phenotypes. Genome-wide association studies …

We compared the genetic architecture of thirteen maize morphological traits in a large
population of recombinant inbred lines. Four traits from the male inflorescence (tassel) and …

Flowering time (ie, heading date in crops) is an important ecological trait that determines
growing seasons and regional adaptability of plants to specific natural environments. Rice …

Red flower color has arisen multiple times and is generally associated with hummingbird
pollination. The majority of evolutionary transitions to red color proceeded from purple …

The accumulation of data on the genomic bases of adaptation has triggered renewed
interest in theoretical models of adaptation. Among these models, Fisher's geometric model …

Empirical studies of quantitative genetic variation have revealed robust patterns that are
observed both across traits and across species. However, these patterns have no …

Our lack of total understanding of the intricacies of how enzymes behave has constrained
our ability to robustly engineer substrate specificity. Furthermore, the mechanisms of natural …

Understanding how populations adapt to abrupt environmental change is necessary to
predict responses to future challenges, but identifying specific adaptive variants, quantifying …