I describe several patterns characterizing the genetics of adaptation at the DNA level.
Following Gillespie (1983, 1984, 1991), I consider a population presently fixed for the ith …

Molecular adaptation is typically assumed to proceed by sequential fixation of beneficial
mutations. In diploids, this picture presupposes that for most adaptive mutations, the …

The genetic basis of species differences provides insight into the mode and tempo of
phenotypic divergence. We investigate the genetic basis of floral differences between two …

We review the various factors that limit adaptation by natural selection. Recent discussion of
constraints on selection and, conversely, of the factors that enhance “evolvability”, have …

Rick Grosberg and CW Cunningham chapter 3 predator (or parasite or herbivore)
population genetically varies over a finer spatial scale than its prey (or host), it is unlikely that …

The Armitage–Doll multistage model of carcinogenesis refocused cancer science by
postulating that carcinogenesis is driven by a sequence of genetic changes in cells. Age …

Speciation can be gradual or sudden and involve few or many genetic changes. Inferring the
processes generating such patterns is difficult, and may require consideration of emergent …

Resistance to organophosphate (OP) insecticide in the mosquito Culex pipiens has been
studied for ca. 30 years. This example of micro-evolution has been thoroughly investigated …

In asexual populations, beneficial mutations that occur in different lineages compete with
one another. This phenomenon, known as clonal interference, ensures that those beneficial …

Certain agronomic crop traits are complex and thus governed by many small‐effect loci.
Statistical models typically used in a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) and genomic …