Depression represents the number one cause of disability worldwide and is often fatal.
Inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. It is …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric disease that involves
malfunctions of different cell types in the brain. Accumulating studies started to reveal that …

Despite decades of intensive research, the biological mechanisms that causally underlie
depression are still unclear, and therefore the development of novel effective antidepressant …

The microbiome-gut-brain axis plays a role in anxiety, the stress response and social
development, and is of growing interest in neuropsychiatric conditions. The gut microbiota …

Tryptophan metabolites are known to participate in the regulation of many cells of the
immune system and are involved in various immune-mediated diseases and disorders …

Serotonin regulates a wide variety of brain functions and behaviors. Here, we synthesize
previous findings that serotonin regulates executive function, sensory gating, and social …

The 'microbiota-gut-brain axis' plays a fundamental role in maintaining host homeostasis,
and different immune, hormonal, and neuronal signals participate to this interkingdom …

Abstract Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is activated in chronic inflammatory states,
eg, in the aging process and age-related diseases. IDO1 enzyme catabolizes L-tryptophan …

Tryptophan (Trp) availability for the kynurenine pathway (KP) across the life span is
discussed. Free (non-albumin-bound) plasma Trp is the major determinant of the flux of Trp …

The complex bidirectional communication system existing between the gastrointestinal tract
and the brain initially termed the “gut–brain axis” and renamed the “microbiota–gut–brain …