A connection between inflammation and cancer has been long suspected. Epidemiological
studies have established that many tumors occur in association with chronic infectious …

Increasing evidence indicates that estrogen promotes tumor growth in both estrogen target
organs and non-target organs. Estrogen regulates cell proliferation and differentiation via …

Dysregulated amphiregulin (AR) expression and EGR receptor (EGFR) activation have been
described in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis and in patients with idiopathic pulmonary …

Analysis of lineage relationships in the naphthalene-injured tracheal epithelium
demonstrated that two multipotential keratin 14–expressing cells (K14ECs) function as …

Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) infection is common. Although still controversial, there is
growing evidence that active hCMV infection is associated with a variety of malignancies …

Lung cancer has become increasingly common in women, and gender differences in the
physiology and pathogenesis of the disease have suggested a role for estrogens. In the lung …

Epidemiological studies have established that many tumours occur in association with
persistent inflammation. One clear example of inflammation-related cancer is hepatocellular …

Introduction 3. TGF-β signaling pathway 3.1. TGF-β and its receptors 3.2. GF-β signaling
through Smads 3.3. Crosstalk with other signaling pathways 4. TGF-β and tumor progression …

The cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) possesses unique tautomerase
enzymatic activity, which contributes to the biological functional activity of MIF. In this study …

Estrogen signaling pathways may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of non-small
cell lung cancers (NSCLC) as evidenced by the expression of aromatase and estrogen …