T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor expressed
on several types of lymphocytes. Efficacy of antibody blockade of TIGIT in cancer …

CD8+ T cells are critical mediators of cytotoxic effector function in infection, cancer and
autoimmunity. In cancer and chronic viral infection, CD8+ T cells undergo a progressive loss …

The balance of programmed death-1 (PD-1)-expressing CD8+ T cells and regulatory T
(Treg) cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) determines the clinical efficacy of PD-1 …

Importance Hyperprogressive disease (HPD) is a new pattern of progression recently
described in patients with cancer treated with programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and …

Abstract Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies have substantially improved the overall
survival of a subset of patients across multiple solid tumour types, but other patients can …

High-dose ionizing irradiation (IR) results in direct tumor cell death and augments tumor-
specific immunity, which enhances tumor control both locally and distantly. Unfortunately …

Co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory receptors have a pivotal role in T cell biology, as they
determine the functional outcome of T cell receptor (TCR) signalling. The classic definition of …

Background and aims Chronic inflammation induced by chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)
infection increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known …

Programmed cell death 1 receptor (PD-1) and its ligands constitute an inhibitory pathway to
mediate the mechanism of immune tolerance and provide immune homeostasis …

Hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are responsible
for most cases of viral hepatitis. Infection by each type of virus results in a different typical …