Smoking is the only modifiable risk factor that is associated with the development, expansion
and rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, the causative link between …

AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is one of the key players in maintaining intracellular
homoeostasis. AMPK is well known as an energy sensor and can be activated by increased …

Currently, it is known that, in living systems, free radicals and other reactive oxygen and
nitrogen species play a double role, because they can cause oxidative damage and tissue …

Exercise is a robust stimulus for mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle which
consequently plays a central role in enhancing metabolic health. Despite this, the precise …

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy status that is almost
universally expressed in eukaryotic cells. While it appears to have evolved in single-celled …

The restoration of energy balance during ischemia is critical to cellular survival; however,
relatively little is known concerning the regulation of neuronal metabolic pathways in …

Since the discovery of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), its fundamental role in
regulating metabolic pathways and the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of its …

Abstract Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) plays a central role in the cellular adaptive
response to hypoxic conditions, which are closely related to pathophysiological conditions …

The activity of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, mPTP, a highly regulated multi-
component mega-channel, is enhanced in aging and in aging-driven degenerative …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive signaling molecules that maintain redox
homeostasis in mammalian cells. Dysregulation of redox homeostasis under pathological …