The trillions of microorganisms in the human intestine are important regulators of health, and
disruptions in the gut microbial communities can cause disease. The gut, liver and immune …

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease
worldwide. NAFLD begins as a relatively benign hepatic steatosis which can evolve to non …

Summary The EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) on the management of hepatic
encephalopathy (HE) present evidence-based answers to a set of relevant questions (where …

The gut-liver axis refers to the bidirectional relationship between the gut and its microbiota,
and the liver, resulting from the integration of signals generated by dietary, genetic and …

The gut and the liver are characterized by mutual interactions between both organs, the
microbiome, diet and other environmental factors. The sum of these interactions is …

The global incidence of numerous immune-mediated, metabolic, neurodegenerative, and
psychiatric diseases is steadily increasing [1–3]. The increased morbidity of human …

Cirrhosis–the common end-stage of chronic liver disease–is associated with a cascade of
events, of which intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis are central. Bacterial toxins …

Intestinal barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis contribute to development of diseases in liver
and other organs. Physical, immunologic, and microbiologic (bacterial, fungal, archaeal …

Developments in high-throughput microbial genomic sequencing and other systems biology
techniques have given novel insight into the potential contribution of the gut microbiota to …

The human gut microbiome has emerged as a major player in human health and disease.
The liver, as the first organ to encounter microbial products that cross the gut epithelial …