The carboxy-terminal domain (CTD) extends from the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II
(Pol II) as a long, repetitive and largely unstructured polypeptide chain. Throughout the …

Several macromolecular machines collaborate to produce eukaryotic messenger RNA. RNA
polymerase II (Pol II) translocates along genes that are up to millions of base pairs in length …

Maturation of mRNA precursors often occurs simultaneously with their synthesis by RNA
polymerase II (Pol II). The co-transcriptional nature of mRNA processing has permitted the …

Alternative splicing of precursor mRNA is an essential mechanism to increase the
complexity of gene expression, and it plays an important role in cellular differentiation and …

The transition of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) from initiation to productive elongation is a
central, regulated step in metazoan gene expression. At many genes, Pol II pauses stably in …

Phosphorylation is the most common post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotes,
occurring particularly frequently in intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). These proteins …

Transcription termination occurs when the polymerase is released after a transcription event,
thus delimitating transcription units; however, the functional importance of termination …

The smallest viable unit of life is the cell. From bacteria to mammals, all cells use the same
nucleic acid-based universal code for the maintenance and inheritance of genetic …

Various cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) complexes have been implicated in the regulation of
transcription. In this study, we identified a 70-kDa Cyclin K (CycK) that binds Cdk12 and …

The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the large subunit of RNA polymerase (pol) II comprises
conserved heptad repeats, and post-translational modification of the CTD regulates …