Although substantial progress has been made in the diagnosis and treatment of acute
coronary syndromes, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death globally …

Importance Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are characterized by a sudden reduction in
blood supply to the heart and include ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) …

Myocardial infarction in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease is found in≈ 5%
to 6% of all patients with acute infarction who are referred for coronary angiography. There …

In 2008, the Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of patients with vasospastic angina
(coronary spastic angina) 1 were developed by the Japanese Circulation Society, and the …

Although myocardial ischaemia usually manifests as a consequence of atherosclerosis-
dependent obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease, a significant percentage of …

Globally, cardiovascular disease remains a major cause of adverse outcomes in young
individuals, unlike its decline in other age groups. This group is not well studied and has a …

comprehensive review of the published evidence for management of a given condition
according to ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) policy. A critical evaluation of …

As a result of the increased use of coronary angiography in acute myocardial infarction in
the last two decades, myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) …

Although some progress has been made in the last 3 decades to increase the number of
women in clinical cardiology trials, review of recent cardiovascular literature demonstrates …

Background Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is
common in current clinical practice. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) plays an important …