Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are generated through various endogenous
and exogenous processes; however, they are neutralized by enzymatic and non-enzymatic …

Mitochondrial energetic adaptations encompass a plethora of conserved processes that
maintain cell and organismal fitness and survival in the changing environment by adjusting …

Owing to their ability to efficiently generate ATP required to sustain normal cell function,
mitochondria are often considered the 'powerhouses of the cell'. However, our …

Oxidative stress (OS) has greatly interested the research community in understanding
damaging processes occurring in cells. OS is triggered by an imbalance between reactive …

Drug resistance represents a major obstacle in cancer management, and the mechanisms
underlying stress adaptation of cancer cells in response to therapy-induced hostile …

Organelles compartmentalize eukaryotic cells, enhancing their ability to respond to
environmental and developmental changes. One way in which organelles communicate and …

Chronic inflammation triggers compensatory immunosuppression to stop inflammation and
minimize tissue damage. Studies have demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress …

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous intracellular organelle and the first
compartment of the secretory pathway. As such, the ER contributes to the production and …

Mitochondria are key determinants of cellular health. However, the functional role of
mitochondria varies from cell to cell depending on the relative demands for energy …

Interorganellar contacts are increasingly recognized as central to the control of cellular
behavior. These contacts, which typically involve a small fraction of the endomembrane …