The cumulative science linking stress to negative health outcomes is vast. Stress can affect
health directly, through autonomic and neuroendocrine responses, but also indirectly …

The activation of stress-related neuroendocrine systems helps to maintain homeostasis, but
excessive stress can damage body functions. We review current evidence from basic …

Stress can influence health throughout the lifespan, yet there is little agreement about what
types and aspects of stress matter most for human health and disease. This is in part …

Abstract Purpose of Review Stress has long been suspected to be interrelated to
(abdominal) obesity. However, interindividual differences in this complex relationship exist …

The hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is assumed to be a retrospective marker of integrated
cortisol secretion and stress over longer periods of time. Its quantification is increasingly …

In concert with neuropeptides and transmitters, the end products of the hypothalamus-
pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the glucocorticoid hormones cortisol and corticosterone …

Abstract Purpose of Review This review focuses on the concentration of cortisol in human
hair as a biomarker of chronic stress in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We outline the …

Background Hair cortisol analysis is increasingly being appreciated and applied in both
research and medicine, aiding endocrinologists with diagnosis. Content We provide an …

Questions of how altered functioning of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis
contribute to the development and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) …

Background & Aims Patients with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis have relatively high
levels of stress and psychological dysfunction. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) …