All endocrine glands are susceptible to neoplastic growth, yet the health consequences of
these neoplasms differ between endocrine tissues. Pituitary neoplasms are highly prevalent …

Although usually benign, anterior pituitary tumours occasionally exhibit aggressive
behaviour, with invasion of surrounding tissues, rapid growth, resistance to conventional …

Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are neoplasms derived from the endocrine cells of the anterior
pituitary gland. Most frequently, they are benign tumors, but may sometimes display an …

Once temozolomide has failed, there is no recommended treatment option for pituitary
carcinomas and aggressive pituitary tumors. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent …

The tumor microenvironment (TME), the complex environment in which tumors develop, has
been increasingly targeted for cancer treatment in recent years. Aggressive pituitary tumors …

After temozolomide failure, no evidence-based treatment option is currently available for
aggressive pituitary tumors (APTs) and pituitary carcinomas (PCs). Moreover, once …

Purpose Tumor immune microenvironment in pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) and
application of current immunotherapy for refractory PitNETs remains debated. We aim to …

The pituitary tumour microenvironment encompasses a spectrum of non-tumoural cells, such
as immune, stromal or endothelial cells, as well as enzymes and signalling peptides like …

The microenvironment of pituitary adenomas (PAs) includes a range of non-tumoral cells,
such as immune and stromal cells, as well as cell signaling molecules such as cytokines …

Pituitary tumors (PT) represent in, the majority of cases, benign tumors for which surgical
treatment still remains, except for prolactin-secreting PT, the first-line therapeutic option …