Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) of humans is caused by two lentiviruses,
human immunodeficiency viruses types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2). Here, we describe the …

In 1981, a new disease syndrome appeared in human populations in the United States and
elsewhere characterized by a deficiency in the immune system [1]. Patients presented with …

Simian immunodeficiency virus of sooty mangabeys (SIVsmm) is recognized as the
progenitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) and has been transmitted to …

Background: HIV-1 strains have diversified extensively through mutation and recombination
since their initial transmission to human beings many decades ago in Central Africa in the …

The significance of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes for the heterogeneity of chronic HBV
infection and severity of liver disease is not well understood. The aim of this study was to …

The increasing availability of genetic sequence data associated with explicit geographic and
ecological information is offering new opportunities to study the processes that shape …

Background Inter-subtype recombinants dominate the HIV epidemics in three geographical
regions. To better understand the role of HIV recombinants in shaping the current HIV …

The high genetic diversity of HIV-1 has a major impact on the quantification of plasma HIV-1
RNA, representing an increasingly difficult challenge. A total of 898 plasma specimens …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group M is responsible for the current AIDS
pandemic and exhibits exceedingly high levels of viral genetic diversity around the world …

Cross-species transmission (CST) has led to many devastating epidemics, but is still a
poorly understood phenomenon. HIV-1 and HIV-2 (human immunodeficiency virus 1 and 2) …