As Americans live longer, degenerative skeletal diseases, such as osteoporosis, become
increasingly prevalent. Regardless of cause, osteoporosis reflects a relative enhancement of …

There are many causes of inflammatory osteolysis, but regardless of etiology and cellular
contexts, the osteoclast is the bone-degrading cell. Thus, the impact of inflammatory …

Osteoimmunology peeks into the interaction of bone and the immune system, which has
largely proved to be a multiplex reaction. Osteocytes have been shown to regulate bone …

TNF-induced receptor activator NF-κB ligand (RANKL) synthesis by bone marrow stromal
cells is a fundamental component of inflammatory osteolysis. We found that this process was …

Since the discovery that deletion of the NF-κB subunits p50 and p52 causes osteopetrosis in
mice, there has been considerable interest in the role of NF-κB signaling in bone. NF-κB …

Abstract Treatment of large bone defects, particularly bone non-union, remains a clinical
challenge. The gold-standard bone substitute continues to be an autologous bone graft …

Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine expressed by macrophages,
monocytes, and T cells, and its expression is triggered by the immune system in response to …

Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, the seronegative spondyloarthropathies
including psoriatic arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus are all examples of rheumatic …

Osteoclasts, the only cells with bone resorption functions in vivo, maintain the balance of
bone metabolism by cooperating with osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation …

Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) is a cytokine produced by monocytes, macrophages, and T
cells and is induced by pathogens, endotoxins, or related substances. TNF‐α may play a key …